Chapter 01
Understanding Wellness

Multiple Choice Questions
 
1. Which statement best describes chronic diseases? 
A. They are more prevalent in young people than in older people.
B. They are influenced primarily by one's genetics.
C. They develop over many years and are heavily influenced by lifestyle.
D. They are heavily influenced by one's economic status.
E. Few people actually die from them.

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Topic: Healthy Life Expectancy
 
2. Who was the first person to define and describe "wellness"? 
A. Halbert Dunn
B. Dean Ornish
C. James Prochaska
D. Donald Ardell
E. Dr. Andrew Weil

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Topic: Defining Wellness
 
3. The wellness concept strongly emphasizes which of the following? 
A. reliance upon the health care system
B. personal responsibility for well-being
C. a complete "absence of disease"
D. adequate medical insurance coverage
E. All of the answers are correct.

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Topic: Defining Wellness

4. What is the biggest factor in determining longevity? 
A. social circumstances
B. exposure to infectious diseases
C. personal lifestyle behaviors
D. occupational and environmental conditions
E. heredity

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5. Which of the following is TRUE about wellness? 
A. Higher socioeconomic groups achieve the highest levels of wellness.
B. The terms "wellness" and "good health" are synonymous.
C. The ultimate purpose of wellness is to live a long lifespan.
D. Wellness is a state of maximizing one's potential.
E. To achieve wellness, adequate medical insurance is a necessity.

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Topic: Defining Wellness
 
6. Which of the following is one of the top four lifestyle practices that contribute to premature deaths in the United States? 
A. distracted driving
B. lack of exercise
C. insufficient sleep
D. overconsumption of sugar
E. drunken driving

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7. Which best describes the shape of the wellness continuum? 
A. a circle
B. a single arrow
C. a two-headed arrow
D. stair steps
E. a U-shaped curve

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Topic: Defining Wellness
 
8. Which of the following is NOT one of the overarching goals of Healthy People 2020? 
A. Achieve health equity in all groups.
B. Establish free medical clinics in inner cities.
C. Create environments that promote good health for all.
D. Promote quality of life and healthy behaviors across all life stages.
E. Attain longer lives free of preventable diseases.

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9. Which of the following is one of the eight dimensions of wellness? 
A. chemical
B. cardiovascular
C. sexual
D. occupational
E. health

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Topic: Defining Wellness

10. Which of the following is a factor that affects growth in wellness? 
A. heredity
B. hope
C. intellect
D. spirituality
E. knowledge

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Topic: Defining Wellness
 
11. Which of the following is a factor that affects growth in wellness? 
A. assessment
B. desire
C. emotional well-being
D. heredity
E. financial planning

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Topic: Defining Wellness
 
12. What is the purpose of the publication Healthy People 2020? 
A. to emphasize the importance for all Americans to have health insurance
B. to provide a national strategy for controlling physicians' fees
C. to provide financial strategies for paying the health care costs of our aging population
D. to emphasize specific health goals and objectives for the nation
E. to implement a national strategy for curing cancer

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13. What common factor is most heavily linked to heart disease, cancer, and other causes of premature death in the United States? 
A. bad genetics
B. environmental contaminants
C. infectious diseases
D. drug and alcohol use
E. lifestyle choices

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14. Which of the following is one of the eight dimensions of wellness? 
A. medical
B. sexual
C. societal
D. physical
E. cardiovascular

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Topic: Defining Wellness
 
15. Which of the following is TRUE regarding the wellness lifestyle? 
A. It involves taking responsibility for lifestyle behaviors.
B. Living to a very old age is guaranteed.
C. College age is the best time to begin wellness living.
D. The rewards of wellness are delayed.
E. Having health insurance is essential.

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16. Which of the following are dimensions of wellness? 
A. financial, intellectual, occupational
B. occupational, medical, educational
C. spiritual, educational, nutritional
D. spiritual, professional, medical
E. environmental, educational, nutritional

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17. Being able to cope with stress is an example of a positive trait in which dimension of wellness? 
A. spiritual
B. emotional
C. occupational
D. sexual
E. physical

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18. The practice of regularly reading a newspaper has the most impact on which dimension of wellness? 
A. emotional
B. occupational
C. physical
D. intellectual
E. spiritual

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Topic: Defining Wellness

19. Being able to appreciate differences in people is an example of a positive trait in which dimension of wellness? 
A. social
B. spiritual
C. occupational
D. emotional
E. intellectual

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20. How is the neutral point on the wellness continuum best described? 
A. the point of no discernible illness or wellness
B. the point of premature death
C. the point of high-level wellness
D. the point of illness
E. the point where treatment becomes important

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Topic: Defining Wellness
 
21. What are the top three causes of death for ALL AGES in the United States? 
A. heart disease, suicide, cancer
B. accidents, heart disease, diabetes
C. cancer, heart disease, accidents
D. heart disease, cancer, chronic respiratory diseases
E. heart disease, chronic respiratory diseases, accidents

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Topic: Healthy Life Expectancy

22. What percentage of health care expenditures in the U.S. is used in treating chronic diseases? 
A. 25
B. 50
C. 60
D. 75
E. 95

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23. What are the top two factors that affect longevity? 
A. medical care and health insurance
B. lifestyle behaviors and heredity
C. social circumstances and lifestyle factors
D. heredity and social circumstances
E. nutrition and physical fitness

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24. The emotional dimension of wellness involves which of the following? 
A. maintaining a continuing education program
B. showing an interest in others
C. obeying the laws of society
D. engaging in mentally stimulating activities
E. viewing challenges as opportunities for personal growth

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Topic: Defining Wellness

25. Being able to think critically, analyze, and evaluate is part of which dimension of wellness? 
A. physical
B. emotional
C. social
D. intellectual
E. spiritual

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Topic: Defining Wellness
 
26. Which of the following factors are necessary for growth in wellness? 
A. nutritional, emotional, and intellectual wellness
B. endurance, agility, physical fitness
C. financial planning, environmental control, social networking
D. nutrition, physical fitness, stress management
E. awareness, knowledge, self-management skills

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Topic: Defining Wellness
 
27. Many adults in the United States die prematurely from diseases that are primarily a result of which of the following? 
A. exposure to viruses
B. infections
C. genetics
D. lifestyle abuse
E. exposure to environmental toxins

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28. Tom volunteers at and donates money to his local food bank. This is an example of what dimension of wellness? 
A. nutritional
B. financial
C. professional
D. educational
E. social

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29. What is at the center of wellness growth? 
A. self-responsibility
B. internal locus of control
C. self-control
D. spirituality
E. societal norms

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Topic: Defining Wellness
 
30. Which of the following is considered one of the broad goals of Healthy People 2020? 
A. Establish free medical clinics in inner cities.
B. Create physical environments that promote good health.
C. Remove all junk food from schools.
D. Require daily physical education in all schools.
E. Accelerate breast cancer research.

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31. What is the overall leading cause of death in the United States? 
A. cancer
B. stroke
C. heart disease
D. type 2 diabetes
E. obesity

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32. Which of the following is NOT considered a chronic disease? 
A. cataracts
B. atherosclerosis
C. osteoporosis
D. stroke
E. cancer

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Topic: Healthy Life Expectancy
 
33. Chronic diseases account for _______ percent of all deaths in the United States. 
A. 30
B. 40
C. 50
D. 60
E. 70

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34. Spiritual wellness involves which of the following? 
A. belief in a higher power, being, or energy force greater than oneself
B. possessing a clear set of values
C. feelings of purpose, meaning, and direction in life
D. feelings of hope about the future
E. All of the answers are correct

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Topic: Defining Wellness
 
35. What country has the longest "healthy life expectancy"? 
A. England
B. Singapore
C. Denmark
D. United States
E. Japan

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36. What is the leading cause of death of 15- to 44-year-old Americans? 
A. cancer
B. suicide
C. homicide
D. accidents
E. HIV

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37. A famous, ongoing study that has resulted in much of the information about how heredity, environment, medical care, and lifestyle factors affect heart disease comes from the residents of 
A. Framingham, Massachusetts.
B. Ann Arbor, Michigan.
C. San Jose, California.
D. Boston, Massachusetts.
E. New Orleans, Louisiana.

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38. Belief about how much power a person has in regard to what happens to him or her is called 
A. willpower.
B. locus of control.
C. perceived competence.
D. perceived expectations.
E. desire.

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Topic: Defining Wellness
 
39. What are the top four lifestyle behaviors that contribute to premature death in the United States? 
A. drug use, obesity, tobacco use, distracted driving
B. tobacco use, poor diet, obesity, alcohol abuse
C. tobacco use, lack of exercise, poor diet, alcohol abuse
D. lack of exercise, tobacco use, alcohol abuse, distracted driving
E. tobacco use, poor diet, lack of exercise, obesity

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Topic: Healthy Life Expectancy

40. "Healthy life expectancy" is a concept that was initiated by 
A. the Surgeon General's office.
B. the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.
C. the World Health Organization.
D. the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
E. Healthy People 2020.

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41. Being able to appreciate our national resources and wildlife is an example of which dimension of wellness? 
A. social
B. spiritual
C. occupational
D. intellectual
E. environmental

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Topic: Defining Wellness
 
42. Locus of control is an individual's belief about 
A. personal assessment.
B. right and wrong.
C. how much power he or she has in regard to what happens to him or her.
D. obtaining skills or a trade.
E. whether the government or each individual is responsible for health care costs.

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Topic: Defining Wellness

43. Which of the following is NOT a factor that underlies one's susceptibility to ill health? 
A. heredity
B. social circumstances
C. intellectual capacity
D. medical care
E. environmental conditions

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Topic: Healthy Life Expectancy
 
44. Being able to distinguish between "wants" and "needs" is a positive trait in which dimension of wellness? 
A. financial
B. social
C. intellectual
D. occupational
E. environmental

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Topic: Defining Wellness
 
45. Experts predict that a decline in life expectancy in the U.S. will occur in the 21st century due to the rising prevalence of 
A. drunken driving.
B. suicide.
C. obesity.
D. drug abuse.
E. poverty.

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Topic: Healthy Life Expectancy

46. Which of the following is considered one of the broad goals of Healthy People 2020? 
A. Find a cure for cancer.
B. Find a cure for AIDS.
C. Provide free medical-care for all Americans.
D. Make all public facilities (including restaurants and bars) smoke-free.
E. Eliminate health disparities.

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47. Which of the following is TRUE in regard to health disparities in the United States? 
A. Among women, the prevalence of obesity is highest among African Americans and Hispanic women.
B. White, affluent men have the highest death rates from heart disease.
C. Death rates from breast cancer are highest among white women.
D. There is no differentiation among races in regard to life expectancy.
E. There is no differentiation among races in regard to diabetes.

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48. __________ percent of U.S. adults adhere to ALL of the following four health habits: don't smoke; exercise 30 minutes 5 days a week; maintain a healthy weight; and eat five or more servings of fruits and/vegetables daily. 
A. One
B. Three
C. Five
D. Ten
E. Twenty

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Topic: Defining Wellness

49. Which of the following best defines "societal norm?" 
A. the normal rate of chronic disease that is predicted for a society
B. behaviors or practices that become expected or acceptable in a society
C. a record of lifestyle behaviors that are based on racial status in a society
D. the documented rates of lifestyle abuse in a society
E. a classification of norming for alcohol behavior in a society

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Topic: Defining Societal Norms
 
50. The low "healthy life expectancy" ranking for the United States among wealthy nations is due, in part, to 
A. high levels of stress among American citizens.
B. poor health status among certain populations in the U.S.
C. lack of health insurance for so many U.S. citizens.
D. heavy alcohol consumption in the U.S.
E. high rate of suicide in the U.S.

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Topic: Healthy Life Expectancy

True / False Questions
 
51. High-level wellness is synonymous with longevity. 
FALSE

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52. The dimensions of wellness function completely separately from one another without interconnection among them. 
FALSE

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53. Keeping a dietary log is an example of a wellness lifestyle assessment. 
TRUE

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54. Since wellness is an individual decision, society has little influence on wellness choices. 
FALSE

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55. One's level of intellectual wellness depends upon the amount of formal schooling attained. 
FALSE

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56. One who fluctuates regularly between emotional highs and lows shows strength in the emotional dimension of wellness. 
FALSE

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57. Medical care has no place in the wellness lifestyle. 
FALSE

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58. It is possible to be physically disabled and live a wellness lifestyle. 
TRUE

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59. African American and Hispanic women have higher obesity rates than any other group of women. 
TRUE

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60. A key ingredient in wellness living is having a lot of money and nearby medical centers. 
FALSE

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61. Healthy People 2020 is a national document that thoroughly forecasts health care costs and medical needs for the year 2020. 
FALSE

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62. The major causes of death around 1900 were infectious diseases. 
TRUE

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63. Hereditary factors influence our longevity more than any other factor. 
FALSE

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64. Having spiritual wellness is synonymous with being religious. 
FALSE

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65. Accidents are the leading cause of death in the United States for people aged 15-44. 
TRUE

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66. Some societal norms perpetuate and encourage an unhealthy lifestyle. 
TRUE

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Topic: Defining Societal Norms
 
67. Because of the availability of technology, most of us have abundant leisure time. 
FALSE

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68. The top four lifestyle behaviors that contribute to premature deaths are: tobacco use; poor diet; lack of exercise; and alcohol abuse. 
TRUE

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69. Part of self-responsibility in wellness is recognizing what you can and cannot control. 
TRUE

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70. Social circumstances determine our longevity far more than any other factor. 
FALSE

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71. It is rare for a young adult to have risk behaviors for heart disease and cancer. 
FALSE

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72. Consuming too few fruits and vegetables is a risk behavior for chronic diseases. 
TRUE

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73. Health care expenditures in the U.S. are reasonably balanced between disease intervention and disease prevention. 
FALSE

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74. Many people have become complacent about their personal health habits because of our advanced medical technologies. 
TRUE

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75. Societal norms have little effect on daily choices. 
FALSE

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Topic: Defining Societal Norms
 
76. The Framingham Study has given us much of the information linking heredity, environment, and lifestyle factors to chronic diseases. 
TRUE

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77. There are nine dimensions of wellness. 
FALSE

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78. Healthy People 2020 is a national publication written by physical education and fitness professionals. 
FALSE

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79. The wellness lifestyle is an integrated living pattern with eight dimensions. 
TRUE

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80. Among industrialized countries in the world, the United States is ranked in the top 5 in "healthy life expectancy." 
FALSE

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81. Assessment is an essential factor for growth in wellness. 
TRUE

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82. One of the major goals of Healthy People 2020 is to eliminate health disparities among population groups. 
TRUE

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83. Persons with an external locus of control are less likely to take charge of their lives. 
TRUE

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84. The overall leading cause of death in the United States is accidents. 
FALSE

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85. The health issues among African Americans are almost identical to the health issues of whites. 
FALSE

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86. The United States spends more on health care per capita than does any other nation in the world. 
TRUE

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87. Osteoporosis is an example of a chronic disease. 
TRUE

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88. A smoking cessation workshop would be an example of a health promotion event. 
TRUE

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89. Chronic diseases develop very quickly, often causing deaths in young adults. 
FALSE

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90. The "life expectancy" in the United States is identical to the "healthy life expectancy" in the United States. 
FALSE

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91. More than half of the national health care expenditures go toward prevention. 
FALSE

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92. A higher percentage of white Americans have diabetes than do Hispanic Americans. 
FALSE

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93. Poverty is linked to obesity. 
TRUE

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94. Death rates for cardiovascular disease are higher among white Americans than among African Americans. 
FALSE

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95. Chronic diseases account for 25 percent of all deaths in the United States. 
FALSE

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96. The life expectancy for African Americans and white Americans is almost identical. 
FALSE

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97. The death rate for breast cancer is relatively equal among African American and white women. 
FALSE

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98. Some dimensions of wellness (like the physical and emotional dimensions) are more important than other dimensions. 
FALSE

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99. Experts predict that the life expectancy of Americans will continue to climb upward in future years due to advances in medicine. 
FALSE

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100. Seventy-five percent of health care expenditures in the U.S. go to patients with chronic diseases. 
TRUE

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